Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are a class of hormones that are widely abused for
their muscle-building and strength-increasing properties in high, nontherapeutic, dosages …

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine network that controls
hormonal responses to internal and external challenges in an organism's environment …

Diseases of the cardiovascular system are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in
men and women in developed countries, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is becoming …

The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine
feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its …

Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when
studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are …

Androgen insensitivity syndrome in its complete form is a disorder of hormone resistance
characterised by a female phenotype in an individual with an XY karyotype and testes …

Sex differences in the biology of different organ systems and the influence of sex hormones
in modulating health and disease are increasingly relevant in clinical and research areas …

The liver is one of the most essential organs involved in the regulation of energy
homeostasis. Hepatic steatosis, a major manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is associated …

Background Although traditional wisdom suggests that baseline levels of testosterone (T)
promote aggressive behavior, decades of research have produced findings that have been …

Because of increasing life expectancy, the contribution of age-related estrogen or androgen
deficiency to obesity and type 2 diabetes will become a new therapeutic challenge. This …