Smoking tobacco products is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide.
Coordinated efforts have successfully reduced tobacco cigarette smoking in the United …

The landscape of worldwide tobacco use is changing, with a decrease in traditional smoking
and an exponential rise in electronic cigarette use. No new nicotine cessation …

Background The use of electronic cigarettes has increased over the past decade. To
determine how the abuse liability of electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) differs from …

Background Animal models are needed to inform FDA regulation of electronic cigarettes
(ECs) because they avoid limitations associated with human studies. We previously reported …

Identifying novel constituents that contribute to tobacco addiction is essential for developing
more effective treatments and informing FDA regulation of tobacco products. While …

Background Development of preclinical methodology for evaluating the abuse liability of
electronic cigarettes (ECs) in adolescents is urgently needed to inform FDA regulation of …

Drug abuse and dependency liability assessments are important components of the
discovery, development, and evaluation of novel drug entities and are often included in …

Relief from increases in anxiety during nicotine withdrawal contributes to tobacco addiction.
While a variety of anxiogenic stimuli elicit avoidance of the center of an open field …

Conventional tobacco cigarettes appear to have greater abuse liability than non-combusted
products such as electronic cigarettes (ECs) and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). This …

Cannabis use has the potential to produce adverse physical and mental health effects and
can result in cannabis use disorder (CUD). People affected by CUD have difficulty …