Animal hosts have initiated myriad symbiotic associations with microorganisms and often
have maintained these symbioses for millions of years, spanning drastic changes in …

Microorganisms that reside within or transmit through arthropod reproductive tissues have
profound impacts on host reproduction, health and evolution. In this Review, we discuss …

Toxin cargo genes are often horizontally transferred by phages between bacterial species
and are known to play an important role in the evolution of bacterial pathogenesis. Here, we …

Parasitoids are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems. Parasitic strategies are highly diverse
among parasitoid species, yet their underlying genetic bases are poorly understood. Here …

Coevolutionary antagonism generates relentless selection that can favour genetic
exchange, including transfer of antibiotic synthesis and resistance genes among bacteria …

RNA interference (RNAi)‐based technologies are starting to be commercialized as a new
approach for agricultural pest control. Horizontally transferred genes (HTGs), which have …

Bacterial endosymbionts induce dramatic phenotypes in their arthropod hosts, including
cytoplasmic incompatibility, feminization, parthenogenesis, male killing, parasitoid defense …

Harmful algal blooms of the toxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum are a recurrent problem in
many inland and estuarine waters around the world. Strains of P. parvum vary in the toxins …

Genetic variation in holobionts (host and microbiome), occurring in both host and
microbiome genomes, can be observed from two perspectives: observable variations and …

Heritable, facultative symbionts are common in arthropods, often functioning in host defence.
Despite moderately reduced genomes, facultative symbionts retain evolutionary potential …