Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized
by the death of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta …

In Parkinson's disease (PD), neurotoxic microglia, Th1 cells, and Th17 cells are
overactivated. Overactivation of these immune cells exacerbates the disease process and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder
worldwide. Clinically, it is characterized by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic …

Ageing is a complex process, induced by multifaceted interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and
environmental factors. It is manifested by a decline in the physiological functions of …

Iron accumulation and neuroinflammation are pathological conditions found in several
neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represents debilitating conditions characterized by
degeneration of neuronal cells in specific brain areas, causing disability and death in …

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder, comprises several
pathophysiologic mechanisms including misfolded alpha‐synuclein aggregation …

NF-κB is generally recognized as an important regulator of ageing, through its roles in
cellular senescence and inflammatory pathways. Activated in virtually all cell-cell …

The loss of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system underlies the onset of the
typical motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disorder, and among the factors which
influence the symptom profile, biological sex has been reported to play a significant role …