Hindbrain adrenergic/noradrenergic nuclei facilitate endocrine and autonomic responses to
physical and psychological challenges. Neurons that synthesize adrenaline and …

Over the past two decades, there has been increasing evidence for the importance of rapid-
onset actions of corticosteroid hormones in the brain. Here, we highlight the distinct rapid …

Trauma and chronic stress exposure are the strongest predictors of lifetime neuropsychiatric
disease presentation. These disorders often have significant sex biases, with females …

Stress induces changes in nervous system function on different signaling levels, from
molecular signaling to synaptic transmission to neural circuits to behavior—and on different …

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons are known to play a key role in controlling behaviors. While DA
neurons in other brain regions are extensively characterized, those in zona incerta (ZITH or …

Since the discovery of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 as a novel anorexigenic factor, the expanding
function of this peptide has been elucidated in recent years. Increasing evidence suggests …

Glucocorticoid hormones are essential for health, but overexposure may lead to many
detrimental effects, including metabolic, psychiatric, and bone disease. These effects may …

Background Recent advances in neuroscience tools for single-cell molecular profiling of
brain neurons have revealed an enormous spectrum of neuronal subpopulations within the …

The precise regulation of Ca2+ signals plays a crucial role in the physiological functions of
neurons. Here, we investigated the rapid effect of glucocorticoids on Ca2+ signals in …

Noradrenergic afferents to hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons
provide a major excitatory drive for somatic stress activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary …