Coastal areas are complex environments frequently contaminated by numerous pollutants
that represent a potential threat to marine organisms, especially bivalves. These pollutants …

The production of melanin is a complex process involving biochemical cascades, such as
the pro-phenoloxidase (proPO) system, and enzymes, such as phenoloxidases (POs) …

The broad utilisation of neonicotinoids, particularly imidacloprid (IMI), in agriculture has led
to unplanned contamination of aquatic systems around the world. The sublethal effects of …

Organic and inorganic contaminants can suppress immune function in molluscs and
crustaceans. It was postulated that metals could modulate immune function in marine crabs …

The immunotoxicity of 4 commonly detected perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), namely,
perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed in wild specimens of Haliotis tuberculata
from three sites of the Sothern Ionian Sea. The species Ht is commonly found at these sites …

Environmental contaminants can interfere with hormonal regulation in both vertebrates and
invertebrates, and these contaminants may disrupt the endocrine system of human and …

Environmental pollutants such as heavy metals exert immunotoxic effects on aquatic
organisms. The immune defence of molluscs is comprised of cell-mediated and humoral …

Biomarkers have been extensively used in monitoring programs with the aim of assessing
the biological effects of pollutants on marine organisms and determining environmental …

Blooms of the harmful alga Dinophysis acuminata, which produces okadaic acid (OA), are
becoming recurrent in Santa Catarina coast, where most of the shellfish marine farms in …