CD28 and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA4) are two receptors that have critical but
opposing functions in T‐cell stimulation. CD28 promotes a number of T‐cell activities …

Context: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) polymorphisms have been
widely examined for their associations with autoimmune thyroid diseases [Graves' disease …

Completely updated for its Ninth Edition, this classic text provides comprehensive coverage
of every aspect of thyroid anatomy, development, biochemistry, physiology …

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) comprises a series of interrelated conditions including
hyperthyroid Graves' disease (GD), Hashimoto's (goitrous) thyroiditis, atrophic autoimmune …

Experimental evidence from animal models has provided a framework for our current
understanding of autoimmune disease pathogenesis and supports the importance of genetic …

It is thought that the majority of autoimmune endocrinopathies, including Graves' disease,
autoimmune hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune Addison's disease …

An individual's predisposition to Type I diabetes (T1D) is largely determined by complex
interactions between several genetic loci and other, nonheritable factors. In T1D, the HLA …

CTLA4 is a coinhibitory molecule expressed mainly on activated T lymphocytes. To test the
putative involvement of CTLA-4 in inhibitory state of immunity to breast cancer, we …

In this study, we evaluated the A/G (− 1661), C/T (− 318), A/G49 and A/G6230 single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene for …

Abstract Background and Aim: Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) is a potent
immunoregulatory molecule that suppresses antitumor response by down‐regulating T‐cell …