Discovery of the myogenic regulatory factor family of transcription factors MYF5, MYOD,
Myogenin and MRF4 was a seminal step in understanding specification of the skeletal …

The development of the vertebrate skeleton reflects its evolutionary history. Cartilage
formation came before biomineralization and a head skeleton evolved before the formation …

The stem cells that maintain and repair the postnatal skeleton remain undefined. One model
suggests that perisinusoidal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to osteoblasts …

Tendon is a crucial component of the musculoskeletal system. Tendons connect muscle to
bone and transmit forces to produce motion. Chronic and acute tendon injuries are very …

As dense connective tissues connecting bone to muscle and bone to bone, respectively,
tendon and ligament (T/L) arise from the somitic mesoderm, originating in a recently …

Background Periodontal diseases that lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues—
including periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and bone—are a major cause of tooth loss …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development
and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for …

The repair of injured tendons remains a great challenge, largely owing to a lack of in-depth
characterization of tendon cells and their precursors. We show that human and mouse …

The intrinsic pathogenetic mechanisms of tendinopathies are largely unknown and whether
inflammation or degeneration has the prominent role is still a matter of debate. Assuming …

The heart is formed from cardiogenic progenitors expressing the transcription factors Nkx2-5
and Isl1 (refs and). These multipotent progenitors give rise to cardiomyocyte, smooth muscle …