Learning and interpreting the structure of the environment is an innate feature of biological
systems, and is integral to guiding flexible behaviors for evolutionary viability. The concept of …

Recent work has revealed that the neural activity patterns correlated with sensation,
cognition, and action often are not stable and instead undergo large scale changes over …

Many behavioural tasks require the manipulation of mathematical vectors, but, outside of
computational models,,,,,–, it is not known how brains perform vector operations. Here we …

Hippocampal activity is critical for spatial memory. Within a fixed, familiar environment,
hippocampal codes gradually change over timescales of days to weeks—a phenomenon …

Perceptual constancy requires the brain to maintain a stable representation of sensory input.
In the olfactory system, activity in primary olfactory cortex (piriform cortex) is thought to …

A major shift is happening within neurophysiology: a population doctrine is drawing level
with the single-neuron doctrine that has long dominated the field. Population-level ideas …

Memories of past events can be recalled long after the event, indicating stability. But new
experiences are also integrated into existing memories, indicating plasticity. In the …

INTRODUCTION Motivational drives are internal states that can explain why animals
adaptively display distinct behaviors in response to the same external stimulus …

Memories of fearful events can last a lifetime. The prelimbic (PL) cortex, a subregion of
prefrontal cortex, plays a critical role in fear memory retrieval over time. Most studies have …

The large number of ion channels found in all nervous systems poses fundamental
questions concerning how the characteristic intrinsic properties of single neurons are …