The tree of life is split into three main branches: eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Our
knowledge of eukaryotic and bacteria cell biology has been built on a foundation of studies …

The results of recent biofilm characterizations have helped reveal the complexities of these
surface‐associated communities of microorganisms. The activities of the cells and the …

In response to viral infection, many prokaryotes incorporate fragments of virus-derived DNA
into loci called clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs). The …

Gravitational wave astronomy has established its role in measuring the equation of state
governing cold supranuclear matter. To date and in the near future, gravitational wave …

For reverse genetic approaches inactivation or selective modification of genes are required
to elucidate their putative function. Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is a thermoacidophilic …

Industrial biomining processes to extract copper, gold and other metals involve the use of
extremophiles such as the acidophilic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (Bacteria), and the …

Not all stress is stressful; instead, it appears that stress in the environment, below the
mutation threshold, is essential for many subtle manifestations of population structures and …

Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are a family of anti‐oxidants that protect cells from metabolically
produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presence of these enzymes in the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress and growth inhibition by inactivation
of essential enzymes, DNA and lipid damage in microbial cells. Acid mine drainage (AMD) …

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) play an important role in the nitrogen cycle and account
for a considerable fraction of the prokaryotic plankton in the ocean. Most AOA lack the …