Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When
the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is …

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the first-line
standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation …

Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are well-known 4-aminoquinoline
antimalarial agents. Scientific evidence also supports the use of CQ and HCQ in the …

Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process that
recycles and degrades intracellular components to sustain homeostasis in response to …

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular degradative process in which intracellular
components (cellular proteins and organelles) are engulfed in autophagosomes which then …

Gefitinib is a selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor, which
inhibits tumor pathogenesis, metastasis and angiogenesis, as well as promoting apoptosis …

The discovery of Warburg effect opens a new era in anti-cancer therapy. Aerobic glycolysis
is regarded as a hallmark of cancer cells and increasing literatures indicates that metabolic …

Like other tumors, lung cancer must induce angiogenesis as it grows. Hypoxia‐inducible
factor 1α (HIF‐1α) is the inducible subunit of the HIF‐1 transcription factor that regulates …

Paclitaxel is a chemotherapeutic drug that is effective for treating non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC). However, some NSCLCs are not sensitive to paclitaxel treatment with …

Family with sequence similarity 83, member A (FAM83A), as a potential tumor promoter, was
reported to contribute to the progression of several malignant tumors. However, the …