Topoisomerases are complex molecular machines that modulate DNA topology to maintain
chromosome superstructure and integrity. Although capable of stand-alone activity in vitro …

DNA topoisomerases are enzymes that control the topology of DNA in all cells. There are
two types, I and II, classified according to whether they make transient single-or double …

DNA topoisomerases are a diverse set of essential enzymes responsible for maintaining
chromosomes in an appropriate topological state. Although they vary considerably in …

In all living organisms, the response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) is critical for the
maintenance of chromosome integrity. Homologous recombination (HR), which utilizes a …

DNA is essentially an extremely long double‐stranded rope in which the two strands are
wound about one another. As a result, topological properties of the genetic material …

DNA is subjected to many endogenous and exogenous damages. All organisms have
developed a complex network of DNA repair mechanisms. A variety of different DNA repair …

Basic ideas about the constancy and randomness of mutagenesis that drives evolution were
challenged by the discovery of mutation pathways activated by stress responses. These …

The role of DNA topoisomerase III (Topo III) in bacterial cells has proven elusive. Whereas
eukaryotic Top IIIα homologs are clearly involved with homologs of the bacterial DNA …

Bacterial topoisomerase I is a potential target for discovery of new antibacterial compounds.
Mutant topoisomerases identified by SOS induction screening demonstrated that …

Type 1A topoisomerases (topos) are the only ubiquitous topos. E. coli has two type 1A topos,
topo I (topA) and topo III (topB). Topo I relaxes negative supercoiling in part to inhibit R-loop …