Autoimmune polyendocrinopathies are traditionally divided into two distinct syndromes,
autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and 2 (APS-1 and-2). The first is a monogenic …

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), also known
as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-1 (APS-1), is a rare monogenic autoimmune …

Abstract Development of immunocompetent T cells in the thymus is required for effective
defence against all types of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. To this end, T …

Human autoantibodies (auto‐Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs were first discovered in a woman
with disseminated shingles and were described by Ion Gresser from 1981 to 1984. They …

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is caused by mutations in the
autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Most patients present with severe chronic …

The expression of self-antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) is essential for
the establishment of immune tolerance, but the regulatory network that controls the …

Ameloblasts are specialized epithelial cells in the jaw that have an indispensable role in
tooth enamel formation—amelogenesis. Amelogenesis depends on multiple ameloblast …

FOXN1 is a transcription factor critical for the development of both thymic epithelial cell
(TEC) and hair follicle cell (HFC) compartments. However, mechanisms controlling its …

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is an autosomal recessive disease
characterized by severe and childhood onset organ-specific autoimmunity caused by …

The main function of the thymus is to support the establishment of a wide repertoire of T
lymphocytes capable of eliminating foreign pathogens, yet tolerant to self‐antigens …