CO 2 emissions from maritime transport represent around 3% of total annual anthropogenic
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions are assumed to increase by 150–250 …

The intensive growth of cruise tourism worldwide during recent decades is leading to
growing concerns over the sector's global environmental and health impacts. This review …

East Asia has the most rapidly growing shipping emissions of both CO2 and traditional air
pollutants, but the least in-depth analysis. Full evaluation of all pollutants is needed to …

Reducing fuel consumption of ships against volatile fuel prices and greenhouse gas
emissions resulted from international shipping are the challenges that the industry faces …

Climate change has recently received more attention in the shipping sector. This is mainly
due to a growing demand for reduced global emissions and the fact that shipping is one of …

Regulatory initiatives obligate maritime operators to reduce emission via retrofitting
propulsion and exhaust treatment systems or by using alternative fuels. Although these …

Emissions of GHG from the transport sector and how to reduce them are major challenges
for policy makers. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) …

Uncertainties on the global availability and affordability of alternative marine fuels are
stalling the shipping sector's decarbonization course. Several candidate measures are …

Cruise tourism is a growing sector of the travel and recreation industry. Due to it mobility it is
often one of the first forms of tourism to relocate to new host environments and it is …

Global shipping activity emits 938 million tonnes of carbon dioxide annually, surpassing the
eighth highest emitting country. Although the impacts from the shipping industry have been …