A bilevel programming model represents the relationship in a specific decision process that
involves decisions within a hierarchical structure of two levels. The upper-level problem is …

Bilevel optimization is defined as a mathematical program, where an optimization problem
contains another optimization problem as a constraint. These problems have received …

Dynamic pricing plays an important role in modern Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) in
solving problems such as congestion control, peak load reduction, mobility management of …

Bilevel optimization problems are hierarchical optimization problems where the feasible
region of the so-called upper level problem is restricted by the graph of the solution set …

The paper proposes a two-stage energy sharing framework for a new prosumer microgrid
with renewable energy generation, multiple storage units, and load shifting. In the first stage …

Making decisions by integrating social and environmental concerns beyond the financial
dimension involves complex decision‐making processes in which innovative approaches …

Evolutionary multitasking has recently emerged as an effective means of facilitating implicit
genetic transfer across different optimization tasks, thereby potentially accelerating …

Bilevel optimization problems are hierarchical optimization problems where the feasible
region of the so-called upper level problem is restricted by the graph of the solution set …

This paper develops a bi-level multi-objective model for road pricing optimization
considering land use and transportation effects. The upper-level problem determines a …

This study considers the possibility of exploiting excess capacity along concurrent tolled
roadway facilities operating in a public–private partnership for the purpose of alleviating …