Mutualisms–cooperative interactions among different species–are known to influence global
biodiversity. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical work has led to divergent hypotheses …

Plant root architecture is developmentally plastic in response to fluctuating nutrient levels in
the soil. Part of this developmental plasticity is the formation of dedicated root cells and …

Plant–mycorrhizal interactions mediate plant nitrogen (N) limitation and can inform model
projections of the duration and strength of the effect of increasing CO2 on plant growth. We …

Although ectomycorrhizal fungi have well-recognized effects on ecological processes
ranging from plant community dynamics to carbon cycling rates, it is unclear if plants are …

The extent to which ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi decay soil organic matter (SOM) has
implications for accurately predicting forest ecosystem response to climate change …

The identity and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal symbionts strongly affect the
functioning of mycorrhiza, but little is still known about the functional relevance of the …

Plants associating with mutualistic ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi may directly obtain nitrogen
(N) bound in soil organic matter (N-SOM). However, the contribution of N-SOM to plant …

The evolution of mutualism between host and symbiont communities plays an essential role
in maintaining ecosystem function and should therefore have a profound effect on their …

Premise Nutrients, light, water, and temperature are key factors limiting the growth of
individual plants in nature. Mutualistic interactions between plants and microbes often …

Stabilizing mechanisms in plant–microbe symbioses are critical to maintaining beneficial
functions, with two main classes: host sanctions and partner choice. Sanctions are currently …