Purpose This review integrated the current literature on diffusion of whitening agents, their
interactions with stain molecules, and changes to the surface, with the aim of establishing a …

When tooth enamel is exposed to ionizing radiation, radicals are formed, which can be
detected using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. EPR dosimetry using …

B-type synthetic carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHAp), natural carbonate fluorapatite (CFAp)
and silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite (SiHAp) have been studied by using micro-Raman …

Objectives: The mechanism of tooth bleaching using peroxide oxidizers is not fully
understood. It is unknown whether peroxide radicals make teeth whiter by deproteinizing …

Electron paramagnetic resonance, thermoluminescence, and optically stimulated
luminescence, with biological tissues and inert materials are well established physical …

The safety of tooth bleaching, which is based upon hydrogen peroxide (HP) as the active
agent, has been questioned. Our aim was to investigate the effects of 30% HP on human …

OBJECTIVES: To investigate in situ and in vitro effects of acidic and neutral in-office
bleaching agents on human enamel in terms of chemical structure and tooth color …

Studies of the average crystal structure properties of human dental apatite as a function of
age in the range of 5–87 years are reported. The crystallinity of the dental hydroxyapatite …

Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidative agent commonly used for dental bleaching procedures.
The structural and biochemical responses of enamel, dentin, and pulp tissues to the in vivo …

Recent studies suggested that bleaching agents may whiten teeth by oxidizing the
fluorescent materials, which are the proteins located in the organic-inorganic interface …