Food security has become a major concern worldwide in recent years due to ever increasing
population. Providing food for the growing billions without disturbing environmental balance …

Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

The rise in global temperature also favors the multiplication of pests and pathogens, which
calls into question global food security. Plants have developed special coping mechanisms …

Plants are subjected to a plethora of environmental cues that cause extreme losses to crop
productivity. Due to fluctuating environmental conditions, plants encounter difficulties in …

The aerial surfaces of plants are covered by a protective barrier formed by the cutin
polyester and waxes, collectively referred to as the cuticle. Plant cuticles prevent the loss of …

The global environment is dominated by various small exotic substances, known as
secondary metabolites, produced by plants and microorganisms. Plants and fungi are …

The cell wall is a dynamic structure that often determines the outcome of the interactions
between plants and pathogens. It is a barrier that pathogens need to breach to colonize the …

Crop plants are subjected to a variety of stresses during their lifecycle, including abiotic
stress factors such as salinity and biotic stress factors such as pathogens. Plants have …

Prospective plant pathogens must overcome the physical barrier presented by the plant cell
wall. In addition to being a preformed, passive barrier limiting access of pathogens to plant …

Zymoseptoria tritici is the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch, a major pathogen of wheat
globally and the most damaging pathogen of wheat in Europe. A gene‐for‐gene (GFG) …