In this Account, we describe the transition metal-mediated cleavage of C− F and C− H bonds
in fluoroaromatic and fluoroheteroaromatic molecules. The simplest reactions of …

Phosphoryl-transfer reactions are central to biology. These reactions also have some of the
slowest nonenzymatic rates and thus require enormous rate accelerations from biological …

Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseconds; without enzymes, these
reactions would take about 8,000 years under physiological conditions. Despite extensive …

Experimental analysis of enzymatic transition-state structures uses kinetic isotope effects
(KIEs) to report on bonding and geometry differences between reactants and the transition …

Transition state analogue (TSA) complexes formed by phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) have
been used to test the hypothesis that balancing of charge within the transition state …

Histidine kinases are key regulators in the bacterial two-component systems that mediate
the cellular response to environmental changes. The vast majority of the sensor histidine …

The 1994 structure of a transition‐state analogue with AlF4− and GDP complexed to G1α, a
small G protein, heralded a new field of research into the structure and mechanism of …

Abstract Ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyses the
conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic compounds in photosynthetic …

Experimental observations of fluoromagnesate and fluoroaluminate complexes of β-
phosphoglucomutase (β-PGM) have demonstrated the importance of charge balance in …

Protein phosphorylation is a common signalling mechanism in both prokaryotic and
eukaryotic organisms. Whilst the focus of protein phosphorylation research has primarily …