The deep sea encompasses the largest ecosystems on Earth. Although poorly known, deep
seafloor ecosystems provide services that are vitally important to the entire ocean and …

Abstract The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is a pioneering piece of legislation that aims
to protect and enhance aquatic ecosystems and promote sustainable water use across …

Marine environmental monitoring is undertaken to provide evidence that environmental
management targets are being met. Moreover, monitoring also provides context to marine …

Experiences of nature provide many mental-health benefits, particularly for people living in
urban areas. The natural characteristics of city residents' neighborhoods are likely to be …

This paper fulfils a gap in environmental management by producing a typology of
stakeholders for effective participatory processes and co-design of solutions to complex …

The urban heat island is a particular challenge for tropical cities, which receive year-round
high inputs of solar radiation. Plants can help mitigate elevated urban temperatures by …

Determining the overall effects of human activities on the estuaries, seas and coasts, as a
precursor to marine management, requires quantifying three aspects. These are:(a) the area …

Marine policy and management has to cope with a plethora of human activities that cause
pressures leading to changes to the natural and human systems. Accordingly, it requires …

The coastal zone is a locus where many activities of society intersect with natural processes
that shape the coastal zone and the resource base available. In the EU, regional legislation …

Alignment and coordination of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) with other
key policies is considered indispensable to accomplish its objectives. To ensure that …