The gametophyte represents the sexual phase in the alternation of generations in plants; the
other, nonsexual phase is the sporophyte. Here, we review the evolutionary origins of the …

Pollen grains represent the highly reduced haploid male gametophyte generation in
flowering plants, consisting of just two or three cells when released from the anthers. Their …

Key message Overview of pollen development. Abstract Male gametophyte development of
angiosperms is a complex process that requires coordinated activity of different cell types …

Key message Pollen thermotolerance. Abstract Global warming is predicted to increase the
frequency and severity of extreme weather phenomena such as heat waves thereby posing …

Pollen tube reception involves a pollen tube-synergid interaction that controls the discharge
of sperm cells into the embryo sac during plant fertilization. Despite its importance in the …

Key message Pollen development metabolomics. Abstract Developing pollen is among the
plant structures most sensitive to high temperatures, and a decrease in pollen viability is …

Crop production is highly sensitive to elevated temperatures. A rise of a few degrees above
the optimum growing temperature can lead to a dramatic yield loss. A predicted increase of …

Key message Importance of the UPR for pollen. Abstract Pollen is particularly sensitive to
environmental conditions that disturb protein homeostasis, such as higher temperatures …

In flowering plants, pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell‐wall matrix surrounding
male gametophytes and acts as a natural protector of pollen grains against various …

Signaling pathways that control the activities in non-photosynthetic plastids, important sites
of plant metabolism, are largely unknown. Previously, we demonstrated that WRKY2 and …