Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive substance and has been considered
occasionally as a drug of abuse. The present paper reviews available data on caffeine …

The nucleus accumbens is considered a critical target of the action of drugs of abuse. In this
nucleus a" shell" and a" core" have been distinguished on the basis of anatomical and …

The psychostimulants, d-amphetamine (d-AMP) and methylphenidate (MPH), are widely
used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in both children and adults. The …

The effects of drugs and substances of abuse on central dopamine (DA) transmission
studied by in vivo monitoring techniques have been examined and compared with those of …

As part of the development of a rapid in vivo screen for prioritization of toxic chemicals, we
have begun to characterize the locomotor activity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae by …

Over 20 neuropharmacological agents have been used for the study and treatment of
children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity since Charles Bradley first …

A neuropsychological theory of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia proposed by JA
Gray et al. is reviewed in light of subsequent evidence from studies of latent inhibition in …

Stimulant medications have been used for over 55 years to treat children affected by a
condition once called hyperactivity and now termed attention deficit disorder (ADD)(DSM-III …

Latent inhibition (LI) refers to decrement in conditioning to a stimulus as a result of its prior
nonreinforced preexposure. It is a robust phenomenon that has been demonstrated in a …

The locomotor hyperactivity induced by systemic or local (nucleus accumbens) d-
amphetamine injections can be blocked by systemic or local (prefrontal cortex) injections of …