In the last decade, preclinical investigations of electroacupuncture mechanisms on
persistent tissue-injury (inflammatory), nerve-injury (neuropathic), cancer, and visceral pain …

Over the past 20 years, clinical and preclinical studies point to the anterior cingulate cortex
(ACC) as a site of interest for several neurological and psychiatric conditions. The ACC …

The neural network that contributes to the suffering which accompanies persistent pain
states involves a number of brain regions. Of primary interest is the contribution of the …

Chronic pain patients frequently develop and suffer from mental comorbidities such as
depressive mood, impaired cognition, and other significant constraints of daily life, which …

The increasing number of individuals with comorbidities poses an urgent need to improve
the management of patients with multiple co-existing diseases. Among these comorbidities …

Epigenetic processes, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, have been
associated with many neural functions including synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory …

Pain is a complex experience including sensory-discriminative and emotional-affective
components. Base on the intensity and chronification of pain, pain is divided into …

As the most common symptomatic reason to seek medical consultation, pain is a complex
experience that has been classified into different categories and stages. In pain processing …

Neuroplasticity in cortico-limbic circuits has been implicated in pain persistence and pain
modulation in clinical and preclinical studies. The amygdala has emerged as a key player in …

The ability to detect and respond appropriately to aversive stimuli is essential for all
organisms, from fruit flies to humans. This suggests the existence of a core neural network …