Research in extreme environments has substantially expanded our understanding of the
ecology and evolution of life on Earth, but a major group of organisms has been largely …

Stramenopiles represent a significant proportion of aquatic and terrestrial biota. Most
biologists can name a few, but these are limited to the phototrophic (eg diatoms and kelp) or …

The heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HNAD) process can remove nitrogen
and organic carbon under aerobic conditions. To get the in-depth mechanism of the HAND …

All life forms depend on the conversion of energy into biomass used in growth and
reproduction. For unicellular heterotrophs, the energetic cost associated with building a cell …

Microorganisms play key roles in the conversion of organic matter in foodwaste. However,
both the microbially-mediated element (carbon/C and nitrogen/N) flows and associated …

The evolutionary history of cells has been marked by drastic increases in complexity. Some
hypothesize that such cellular complexification requires a massive energy flux as the origin …

ABSTRACT The Canadian province of Alberta contains substantial oilsands reservoirs,
consisting of bitumen, clay and sand. Extracting oil involves separating bitumen from …

Ciliates are a diverse group of protists known for their ability to establish various
partnerships and thrive in a wide variety of oxygen-depleted environments. Most anaerobic …

Macrofungi do not exist in isolation but establish symbiotic relationships with
microorganisms, particularly bacteria, within their fruiting bodies. Herein, we examined the …

Hundreds of mitochondrial proteins with N-terminal presequences are translocated across
the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes via the TOM and TIM23 complexes …