A large body of work focuses on the unique aspects of Neanderthal anatomy, inferred
physiology, and behavior to test the assumption that Neanderthals were hyper‐adapted to …

We present the DNA sequence of 17,367 protein-coding genes in two Neandertals from
Spain and Croatia and analyze them together with the genome sequence recently …

Up to now, Allen and Bergmann's rules have been studied in modern humans by analyzing
differences in limb length, height, or body mass. However, there are no publications studying …

Current knowledge of the evolution of the postcranial skeleton in the genus Homo is
hampered by a geographically and chronologically scattered fossil record. Here we present …

Thin on the Ground: Neandertal Biology, Archeology and Ecology synthesizes the current
knowledge about our sister species the Neandertals, combining data from a variety of …

Objectives The human respiratory apparatus is characterized by sexual dimorphism, the
cranial airways of males being larger (both absolutely and relatively) than those of females …

The difficulties in quantifying the 3D form and spatial relationships of the skeletal
components of the ribcage present a barrier to studies of the growth of the thoracic skeleton …

The excellent fossil record from Sima de los Huesos (SH) includes three well‐known
complete adult femora and several partial specimens that have not yet been published in …

Systematic excavations at the site of the Sima de los Huesos (SH) in the Sierra de Atapuerca
(Burgos, Spain) have allowed us to reconstruct 27 complete long bones of the human …

Here we present an updated inventory and study of pectoral girdle remains recovered from
the Sima de los Huesos (SH) site. Here, we describe the key morphological traits of adults …