Sex differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) presentation, risk factors and prognosis
have been widely studied. Similarly, studies on atherosclerosis have shown prominent sex …

Abstract Purpose of the Review Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are at
increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, despite …

Background Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) were designed to improve late event-
free survival compared with metallic drug-eluting stents. However, initial trials demonstrated …

In at least one-half of the patients with angina or ischemia and nonobstructive coronary
arteries undergoing coronary function testing, coronary artery spasm (CAS) is detected. CAS …

Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery (INOCA) is a common cause of hospital
admissions, leading to negative outcomes and reduced quality of life. Central to its …

Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA), caused by coronary artery spasm,
has gained increasing attention owing to the poor quality of life of impacted patients …

Background Regional wall motion abnormality is considered a sensitive and specific marker
of ischemia during stress echocardiography (SE). However, ischemia is a multifaceted entity …

This article aims to analyze the relationship between non-obstructive coronary artery
disease (NOCAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF), exploring the underlying pathophysiological …

Background Ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is increasingly
recognized and associated with poor outcomes. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a …

Danshen-Shanzha Formula (DSF) is a well-known herbal combination comprising Radix
Salvia Miltiorrhiza (known as Danshen in Chinese) and Fructus Crataegi (known as …