It is increasingly evident that genes known to perform critical roles during early
embryogenesis, particularly during stem cell renewal, pluripotentiality and survival, are also …

Neurons derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have gained great merit in both basic
research and regenerative medicine. Here we review and summarize the signaling …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently discovered small non-coding transcripts with a broad
spectrum of functions described mostly in invertebrates. As post-transcriptional regulators of …

Nodal, a member of the TGF-β family of signaling molecules, has been implicated in
pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)[Vallier, L., Reynolds, D., Pedersen …

The cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by the vulnerability to
dysfunction and degeneration of ventral midbrain (VM) dopaminergic (DA) neurons. A major …

It is currently not known whether dopamine (DA) neurons derived from human embryonic
stem cells (hESCs) can survive in vivo and alleviate symptoms in models of Parkinson …

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical multistep process that converts
epithelial cells to more motile and invasive mesenchymal cells, contributing to body …

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a potential source of neural derivatives that can be used in
stem cell‐based therapies designed to treat neurological disorders. The derivation of …

A cell-based therapy for the replacement of dopaminergic neurons has been a long-term
goal in Parkinson's disease research. Here, we show that autologous engraftment of A9 …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling leads to a number of biological end points
involving cell growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Typically, the cellular effect …