Atherosclerosis and aortic valve sclerosis are cardiovascular diseases with an increasing
prevalence in western societies. Statins are widely applied in atherosclerosis therapy …

Inflammation has been long regarded as a key contributor to atherosclerosis. Inflammatory
cells and soluble mediators play critical roles throughout arterial plaque development and …

Signals emanating from many cell-surface receptors and environmental cues converge on
mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which in turn phosphorylate and activate …

Cytokines such as interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-4 are dominant factors in driving the
development of T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells, respectively, through specific signalling …

Signaling-responsive MAP kinases (MAPKs) are key in mediating immune responses and
are activated through the phosphorylation of a Thr-X-Tyr motif by upstream MAPK kinases …

An effective inflammatory immune response first requires the recruitment of cells to the site of
inflammation and then their appropriate activation and regulation. Chemokines are critical in …

Pyridinyl imidazole inhibitors, particularly SB203580, have been widely used to elucidate
the roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (p38/HOG/SAPKII) in a wide array of …

The molecular mechanisms that underlie T cell quiescence are poorly understood. Here we
report that mature naive CD8+ T cells lacking the transcription factor Foxp1 gained effector …

MAP kinases are evolutionarily conserved signaling regulators from budding yeast to
mammals and play essential roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. There …

A novel protein kinase, TOPK (T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase), was isolated from a
lymphokine-activated killer T (T-LAK) cell subtraction cDNA fragment library. The open …