Photosystem II is the water-oxidizing and O2-evolving enzyme of photosynthesis. How and
when this remarkable enzyme arose are fundamental questions in the history of life that …

At the core of many important energy conversion processes in chemistry and biology are
oxidation-reduction reactions in which both electrons and protons are transferred. An …

Life on earth is almost entirely solar-powered. We can get some idea of the enormous
quantity of energy received from the sun by noting that during daylight hours, the sun …

Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants, algae and cyanobacteria is initiated at photosystem II, a
homodimeric multisubunit protein–cofactor complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane …

Photosystem II (PSII) uses light energy to split water into chemical products that power the
planet. The stripped protons contribute to a membrane electrochemical potential before …

Far-red light (FRL) photoacclimation in cyanobacteria provides a selective growth
advantage for some terrestrial cyanobacteria by expanding the range of photosynthetically …

All higher life forms use oxygen and respiration as their primary energy source. The oxygen
comes from water by solar‐energy conversion in photosynthetic membranes. In green …

A tetramanganese cluster (Mn4) resides at the active site of photosystem II (PSII) in green
plants and in certain bacteria and algae. It catalyzes the light-driven water oxidation reaction …

Biogenesis of photosystem II (PSII), nature's water-splitting catalyst, is assisted by auxiliary
proteins that form transient complexes with PSII components to facilitate stepwise assembly …

We have performed continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) and
electron spin echo electron nuclear double resonance (ESE-ENDOR) experiments on the …