Bacteria have evolved many different signal transduction systems that sense signals and
generate a variety of responses. Generally, most abundant are transcriptional regulators …

Chemotaxis enables microorganisms to move according to chemical gradients. Although
this process requires substantial cellular energy, it also affords key physiological benefits …

Pseudomonads sense changes in the concentration of chemicals in their environment and
exhibit a behavioral response mediated by flagella or pili coupled with a chemosensory …

Bacteria have evolved a variety of signal transduction mechanisms that generate different
outputs in response to external stimuli. Chemosensory pathways are widespread in bacteria …

Highlights•Bacteria use the chemotaxis pathway to navigate in complex environments.•E.
coli chemotaxis pathway is composed of a transduction and an adaptation module.•The …

Molecular diffusive membranes or materials are important for biological applications in
microfluidic systems. Hydrogels are typical materials that offer several advantages, such as …

Chemosensory pathways are among the most abundant prokaryotic signal transduction
systems, allowing bacteria to sense and respond to environmental stimuli. Signaling is …

Motile bacteria navigate toward favorable conditions and away from unfavorable
environments using chemotaxis. Mechanisms of sensing attractants are well understood; …

Histamine is a key biological signaling molecule. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the central
and peripheral nervous systems and coordinates local inflammatory responses by …

Most bacteria use transmembrane sensors to detect a wide range of environmental stimuli. A
large class of such sensors are the chemotaxis receptors used by motile bacteria to follow …