Teichoic acids (TAs) are major wall and membrane components of most gram-positive
bacteria. With few exceptions, they are polymers of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate …

It is becoming clear that the cationic antimicrobial peptides are an important component of
the innate defenses of all species of life. Such peptides can be constitutively expressed or …

Endolysins (or lysins) are highly evolved enzymes produced by bacteriophage (phage for
short) to digest the bacterial cell wall for phage progeny release. In Gram-positive bacteria …

Bacterial sepsis and septic shock result from the overproduction of inflammatory mediators
as a consequence of the interaction of the immune system with bacteria and bacterial wall …

Lysins are highly evolved enzymes produced by bacteriophage (phage for short) to digest
the bacterial cell wall for phage progeny release. In Gram-positive bacteria, small quantities …

The gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen responsible for a
variety of diseases ranging from minor skin infections to life-threatening conditions such as …

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a surface-associated adhesion amphiphile from Gram-positive
bacteria and regulator of autolytic wall enzymes (muramidases). It is released from the …

For centuries, people around the world have used fermentation to preserve and enhance the
flavor of a wide variety of foods. Today, complex interactions of microbiota in the digestive …

Lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) have been proposed as putative Gram-positive immunostimulatory
counterparts to Gram-negative lipopolysaccharides. However, LTA from Staphylococcus …

Neutrophil responses to commercial LPS, a dual Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4
activator, are regulated by TLR expression, but are amplified by contaminating monocytes in …