Lyme disease Borrelia are obligately parasitic, tick-transmitted, invasive, persistent bacterial
pathogens that cause disease in humans and non-reservoir vertebrates primarily through …

The complement system is an essential component of the innate immune system that
participates in elimination of pathogens and altered host cells and comprises an essential …

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl), the tick-borne agent of Lyme borreliosis, is a bacterial
species complex comprising 11 genospecies. Here, we discuss whether the delineation of …

The complement system is an essential player in innate and adaptive immunity. It consists of
three pathways (alternative, classical, and lectin) that initiate either spontaneously …

The immune system provides an essential defence against invading pathogens. However,
bacteria have evolved numerous strategies to overcome this defence, many of which …

The analysis of different multi-host systems suggests that even hosts that are not capable of
transmitting Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl.) to the tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, or that are …

Plasminogen is a 92-kDa single chain glycoprotein that circulates in plasma as a zymogen
and when converted to proteolytically active plasmin dissolves preformed fibrin clots and …

The complement system, while being an essential and very efficient effector component of
innate immunity, may cause damage to the host and result in various inflammatory …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that can cause a wide range
of clinical symptoms and infections that are frequent in immunocompromised patients. In this …

Activation of the complement system and resulting opsonisation with C3b are key events of
the innate immune defense against infections. However, a wide variety of bacterial …