After a short historical account, and a discussion of Hill and Meyerhof's theory of the
energetics of muscular exercise, we analyse steady-state rest and exercise as the condition …

Underwater activities are characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen
species (RONS) and antioxidant mechanisms, which can be associated with an …

Purpose Divers can experience cognitive impairment due to inert gas narcosis (IGN) at
depth. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rules neuronal connectivity/metabolism to …

Pulmonary gas exchange in breath-hold diving (BHD) consists of a progressive increase in
arterial partial pressures of oxygen (P a O 2) and carbon dioxide (P a CO 2) during descent …

Pulmonary gas exchange during diving or in a dry hyperbaric environment is affected by
increased breathing gas density and possibly water immersion. During free diving, there is …

Arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements at both maximum depth and at resurfacing prior to
breathing have not previously been measured during free dives conducted to extreme depth …

New Findings What is the central question of this study? We modelled the alveolar pathway
during breath holding on the hypothesis that it follows a hypoventilation loop on the O2–CO2 …

Background Several mechanisms allow humans to resist the extreme conditions
encountered during breath-hold diving. Available nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major …

New Findings What is the central question of this study? How does deep breath‐hold diving
impact cardiopulmonary function, both acutely and over the subsequent 2.5 hours post …

Breath-hold diving is a challenging activity that can lead to serious and dangerous
complications, such as the “Taravana” syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by the …