Cholinergic degeneration is significant in Lewy body disease, including Parkinson's
disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder. Extensive …

According to the Hebb rule, the change in the strength of a synapse depends only on the
local interaction of presynaptic and postsynaptic events. Studies at many types of synapses …

The locus coeruleus‐noradrenergic (LC–NA) neuromodulatory system has been implicated
in a broad array of cognitive processes, yet scope for investigating this system's function in …

The nucleus basalis is located at the confluence of the limbic and reticular activating
systems. It receives dopaminergic input from the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra …

Neuronal nicotinic receptors (NAChRs) form a heterogeneous family of ion channels that are
differently expressed in many regions of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral …

Akinesia and gait disturbances are particularly incapacitating for patients with Parkinson's
disease. The anatomical and physiological substrates for these disturbances are poorly …

Gait disturbances and akinesia are extremely disabling in advanced Parkinson's disease. It
has been suggested that modulation of the activity of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) …

The NADPH-diaphorase histochemical technique provides a simple and robust method to
stain select populations of neurons throughout the brain. We have recently identified the …

In the first part of this article we summarize a theoretical framework and a set of hypotheses
aimed at accounting for consciousness in neurobiological terms. The basic form of …

The lateral part of the mesopontine tegmentum contains functionally important structures
involved in the control of posture and gait. Specifically, the mesencephalic locomotor region …