Women have stronger immune responses to infections and vaccination than men.
Paradoxically, the stronger immune response comes at a steep price, which is the high …

Chronic autoimmune diseases, and in particular Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), are
endowed with a long‐standing autoreactive B‐cell compartment that is presumed to …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple
organs. A complex interaction of genetics, environment, and hormones leads to immune …

Plasma cells (PCs) are responsible for the production of protective antibodies against
infectious agents but they also produce pathogenic antibodies in autoimmune diseases …

B cells have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
They are mediators of inflammation through the production of pathogenic antibodies that …

Germinal centers (GCs) are dynamic microenvironments that form in the secondary
lymphoid organs and generate somatically mutated high-affinity antibodies necessary to …

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is
characterized by the production of autoantibodies specific for components of the cell nucleus …

Self-reactive B cells generated through V (D) J recombination in the bone marrow or through
accrual of random mutations in secondary lymphoid tissues are mostly purged or edited to …

Self-reactive B cells are tolerized at various stages of B-cell development and differentiation,
including the immature B-cell stage (central tolerance) and the germinal center (GC) B-cell …

Highlights•Cell-free DNA is present in normal conditions and is targeted by antibodies in
SLE.•Chromatin in microparticles from apoptotic cells is a potential self-antigen in …