This paper surveys the literature on the definitions and theories of the informal economy (IE).
It outlines the main differences in the definitional approaches of informality and proposes a …

The endeavor to implement the 2030 Agenda of national and international stakeholders
became increasingly impetuous, considering the wide range of uncertainties and risks. The …

This study examines the influence of financial development (FD), along three dimensions
(financial depth, financial access and financial efficiency) in two main sub-sectors (financial …

The stylized facts show that natural resource prices are highly volatile. The immediate
consequences of such volatility are changes in the labor force's income distribution and …

Through fiscal policy, the government can influence businesses and individuals in order to
regulate their behaviour. The research used panel data from all 27 EU countries covering …

Reflecting the geography of economic activities, economic complexity may be important for
the shadow economy. This study is the first attempt to analyse the influence of economic …

Previous studies indicate that the shadow economy is truly an environmental foe, with
positive linkages with energy intensity, air pollution, and emissions. This study extends the …

This study is the first attempt to investigate the non-linear impacts of export diversification
and export quality on the shadow economy. Using a global sample of 116 countries over the …

This study endeavours to expand our knowledge on the role of colonial history, socialist
history, religion, and legal systems in explaining the size of the shadow economy across …

Unemployment has risen as the economy has shrunk. The coronavirus crisis has affected
many sectors in Romania, some companies diminishing or even ceasing their activity …