In chronic infections and in cancer, persistent antigen stimulation under suboptimal
conditions can lead to the induction of T-cell exhaustion. Exhausted T cells are …

Immune associated cells in the microenvironment have a significant impact on the
development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and have received more …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the main suppressive cell population
of the immune system. They play a pivotal role in the establishment of the tumor …

Innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) mainly include macrophages,
neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and bone marrow derived suppressor cells …

Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with primary type
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Factors, including carcinogens, infection of hepatitis …

In T-cell biology,'exhaustion'was initially described as a hyporesponsive state in CD8+ T
cells during chronic infections. Recently, exhaustion has been recognized as a T-cell …

Background The positive prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy within tertiary
lymphoid structure (TLS) in cancerous tissue has been well demonstrated, including liver …

With the rapid clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the standard of
care in cancer management has evolved rapidly. However, immunotherapy is not currently …

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common subtype of primary liver
cancer, which was highly correlated with metabolic dysfunction. Nevertheless, the …

The past decades witnessed the clinical employment of targeted therapies including but not
limited to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that restrain a broad variety of pro-tumorigenic …