CLC anion transporters are found in all phyla and form a gene family of eight members in
mammals. Two CLC proteins, each of which completely contains an ion translocation …

All cellular membranes have the functionality of generating and maintaining the gradients of
electrical and electrochemical potentials. Such potentials were generally thought to be an …

The study of bacterial ion channels has provided fundamental insights into the structural
basis of neuronal signalling; however, the native role of ion channels in bacteria has …

Poly‐and perfluorinated chemicals, including perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), are
pervasive in today's society, with a negative impact on human and ecosystem health …

For decades, GABA in plants has been treated merely as a metabolite, mostly in the context
of the response to stress. Recent evidence from the exploitation of Arabidopsis functional …

Gastrointestinal pathogens are faced with an extremely acidic environment. Within moments,
a pathogen such as Escherichia coli O157: H7 can move from the nurturing pH 7 …

Of all the molecular determinants for growth, the hydronium and hydroxide ions are found
naturally in the widest concentration range, from acid mine drainage below pH 0 to soda …

ClC channels conduct chloride (Cl–) ions across cell membranes and thereby govern the
electrical activity of muscle cells and certain neurons, the transport of fluid and electrolytes …

ClC Cl-channels make up a large molecular family, ubiquitous with respect to both
organisms and cell types. In eukaryotes, these channels fulfill numerous biological roles …

Adaptation to acid stress is an important factor in the transmission of intestinal microbes. The
enterobacterium Escherichia coli uses a range of physiological, metabolic, and proton …