West African countries have long promoted economic integration and income convergence.
In recent trends, Nigeria has recorded the highest GDP per capita, and its neighbouring …

The Nigerian government decided to shut all its land borders in August 2019 in a bid to
eliminate the persistent smuggling of food items, especially rice, from neighbouring …

This chapter introduces the book and sets the tone for a more in-depth analysis of the
AfCFTA from specific cases and from the larger continental level. The chapter highlights the …

Countries manipulate both domestic and international trade costs to promote their trade
competitiveness in the global trade arena. High trade costs contributed to poor Nigeria's …

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), now comprising 15 states, 1
has evolved over the past four decades to establish itself as an active participant in the …

This paper discusses the trade efficiency in the Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS) sub-region with particular reference to land trade from 1976-2014. The finding in …

Despite the rise in Nigeria's Bilateral Trade (BT) relations with her major trading partners,
non-mineral exports remained below 5% of total exports during the 1996-2015 period. This …

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Trade Liberalisation Scheme
(ETLS) has created security challenges resulting in loss of lives and destruction of property …