Concrete is one of Indonesia's most widely used construction materials. Thus, the need for
concrete materials, mainly sand keeps increasing. Excessive sand mining will harm the …

Beton merupakan salah satu pilihan sebagai bahan struktur dalam konstruksi bangunan
untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan infrastruktur masyarakat. Sebagai negara maritim …

The construction industry relies heavily on the sand. In construction, the fineness modulus of
sand is an important parameter. It impacts the relative proportions in the mix, the workability …

Due to the increasing demand for sand for construction activities across the world including
Mogadishu Somalia, natural sand resources are growingly used up and its price is …

Particle boards from wood sources have negative impacts on the environment through
deforestation. Binders from synthetic sources are also not economical due to high costs in …

For a construction project to be deemed acceptable, it is crucial to have a comprehensive
understanding of the characteristics of materials during both the design and construction …