Apathy and anhedonia are common syndromes of motivation that are associated with a wide
range of brain disorders and have no established therapies. Research using animal models …

Some have claimed that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) mediates decision making.
Others suggest mPFC is selectively involved in the retrieval of remote long-term memory. Yet …

Pleasure and motivation are important factors for goal-directed behavior and well-being in
both animals and humans. Intact hedonic capacity requires an undisturbed interplay …

The role of stress in the origin and development of depression may be conceived as the
result of multiple converging factors, including the chronic effect of environmental stressors …

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in the midbrain is a key center for serotonin (5-
hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT)-expressing neurons. Serotonergic neurons in the DRN have been …

Having a creative mind is one of the gateways for achieving fabulous success and
remarkable progress in professional, personal and social life. Therefore, a better …

Affective valence lies on a spectrum ranging from punishment to reward. The coding of such
spectra in the brain almost always involves opponency between pairs of systems or …

Abstract Serotonin, like dopamine (DA), has long been implicated in adaptive behavior,
including decision making and reinforcement learning. However, although the two …

The specific role of serotonin and its interplay with dopamine (DA) in adaptive, reward
guided behavior as well as drug dependance, still remains elusive. Recently, novel methods …

Serotonin is a neuromodulator that is involved extensively in behavioral, affective, and
cognitive functions in the brain. Previous recording studies of the midbrain dorsal raphe …