The various non-standard schedules required of shift workers force abrupt changes in the
timing of sleep and light-dark exposure. These changes result in disturbances of the …

The Earth turns on its axis every 24 h; almost all life on the planet has a mechanism—
circadian rhythmicity—to anticipate the daily changes caused by this rotation. The molecular …

The mammalian circadian clock has evolved as an adaptation to the 24-h light/darkness
cycle on earth. Maintaining cellular activities in synchrony with the activities of the organism …

The circadian clock is a complex cellular mechanism that, through the control of diverse
metabolic and gene expression pathways, governs a large array of cyclic physiological …

Circadian clocks are encoded by a transcription-translation feedback loop that aligns
energetic processes with the solar cycle. We show that genetic disruption of the clock …

Mammals synchronize their circadian activity primarily to the cycles of light and darkness in
the environment. This is achieved by ocular photoreception relaying signals to the …

Life on earth has adapted to the day-night cycle by evolution of internal, so-called circadian
clocks that adjust behavior and physiology to the recurring changes in environmental …

The circadian system of mammals is composed of a hierarchy of oscillators that function at
the cellular, tissue, and systems levels. A common molecular mechanism underlies the cell …

Most physiology and behavior of mammalian organisms follow daily oscillations. These
rhythmic processes are governed by environmental cues (eg, fluctuations in light intensity …

Environmental temperature cycles are a universal entraining cue for all circadian systems at
the organismal level with the exception of homeothermic vertebrates. We report here that …