Our brains consist of 80% water, which is continuously shifted between different
compartments and cell types during physiological and pathophysiological processes …

Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular
composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by …

Glucose is a primary energy source in living cells. The discovery in 1960s that a sodium
gradient powers the active uptake of glucose in the intestine heralded the concept of a …

There are two classes of glucose transporters involved in glucose homeostasis in the body,
the facilitated transporters or uniporters (GLUTs) and the active transporters or symporters …

The choroid plexus epithelium is a cuboidal cell monolayer, which produces the majority of
the cerebrospinal fluid. The concerted action of a variety of integral membrane proteins …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production occurs at a rate of 500 ml per day in the adult human.
Conventional osmotic forces do not suffice to support such production rate and the …

Background Disturbances in the brain fluid balance can lead to life-threatening elevation in
the intracranial pressure (ICP), which represents a vast clinical challenge. Nevertheless, the …

For teleost fish living in seawater, drinking the surrounding medium is necessary to avoid
dehydration. This is a key component of their osmoregulatory strategy presenting the …

Molecular simulations are an invaluable tool for understanding membrane proteins.
Improvements to both hardware and simulation methods have allowed access to …

Background Hydrocephalus is a severe complication of intracerebral hemorrhage with
ventricular extension (ICH-IVH) and causes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation. The …