A review of failure modes, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis methods for large-scale wind turbine bearings

Z Liu, L Zhang - Measurement, 2020 - Elsevier
Large-scale wind turbine bearings including main bearings, gearbox bearings, generator
bearings, blade bearings and yaw bearings, are critical components for wind turbines to …

An updated review: white etching cracks (WECs) and axial cracks in wind turbine gearbox bearings

MH Evans - Materials Science and Technology, 2016 - Taylor & Francis
The actual service life of wind turbine gearboxes is often well below the desired 20 years.
One of the prevalent failure modes in gearbox bearing raceways is white structure flaking …

[PDF][PDF] 齿轮接触疲劳理论研究进展

刘怀举, 张博宇, 朱才朝, 魏沛堂 - 机械工程学报, 2022 - qikan.cmes.org
随着航空, 风电, 重载车辆等装备对齿轮传动功率密度, 承载能力, 疲劳寿命要求的提高,
以微点蚀, 点蚀, 深层齿面断裂等多种形式存在的齿轮接触疲劳失效成为限制现代齿轮及装备 …

[HTML][HTML] A review of wind turbine main bearings: design, operation, modelling, damage mechanisms and fault detection

E Hart, B Clarke, G Nicholas… - Wind Energy …, 2020 - wes.copernicus.org
This paper presents a review of existing theory and practice relating to main bearings for
wind turbines. The main bearing performs the critical role of supporting the turbine rotor, with …

[HTML][HTML] The origins of white etching cracks and their significance to rolling bearing failures

F Manieri, K Stadler, GE Morales-Espejel… - International Journal of …, 2019 - Elsevier
Presence of white etching cracks has been widely associated with early failures of rolling
bearings in a number of applications, with wind turbine gearbox bearings being the most …

Broad review of “White Etching Crack” failure in wind turbine gearbox bearings: Main factors and experimental investigations

FJ López-Uruñuela, B Fernández-Díaz… - International Journal of …, 2021 - Elsevier
Subsurface crack networks surrounded by microstructural alterations, named as “White
Etching Cracks”(WEC), lead to wind turbine gearbox bearing (WTGB) premature failures …

Confirming subsurface initiation at non-metallic inclusions as one mechanism for white etching crack (WEC) formation

MH Evans, AD Richardson, L Wang, RJK Wood… - Tribology …, 2014 - Elsevier
White etching crack (WEC) formation beneath the contact surface in steel rolling element
bearings causes a premature wear failure mode called white structure flaking (WSF). The …

Intelligent condition monitoring of wind power systems: State of the art review

M Benbouzid, T Berghout, N Sarma, S Djurović, Y Wu… - Energies, 2021 - mdpi.com
Modern wind turbines operate in continuously transient conditions, with varying speed,
torque, and power based on the stochastic nature of the wind resource. This variability …

Effect of hydrogen on butterfly and white etching crack (WEC) formation under rolling contact fatigue (RCF)

MH Evans, AD Richardson, L Wang, RJK Wood - Wear, 2013 - Elsevier
White structure flaking (WSF) as a premature wear failure mode in steel rolling element
bearings is caused by white etching cracks (WECs) formed in the 1 mm zone beneath the …

The evolution of white etching cracks (WECs) in rolling contact fatigue-tested 100Cr6 steel

AD Richardson, MH Evans, L Wang, RJK Wood… - Tribology Letters, 2018 - Springer
The formation of white etching cracks (WECs) in steel rolling element bearings can lead to
the premature rolling contact fatigue (RCF) failure mode called white structure flaking …