Owing to their inherent three-dimensionality and structural novelty, spiro scaffolds have
been increasingly utilized in drug discovery. In this brief review, we highlight selected …

The search for novel anticancer agents with more selectivity and lower toxicity continues to
be an area of intensive investigation. The unique structural features of spirooxindoles …

Pyrazolines are five-membered heterocycles possessing two adjacent nitrogens. They have
attracted significant attention from organic and medicinal chemists due to their potent …

Oxindole has emerged as a valuable scaffold in medicinal chemistry possessing diverse
range of pharmacological activities. Its value has further been increased by its natural …

The spirooxindole system is the core structure of a variety of medicinal agents and natural
products. 1, 2 In fact, spirooxindole derivatives have been described with different biological …

Ruthenium complexes are an important class that has multiple catalytic and biological
applications. Ruthenium has a remarkably broad and diversified chemical spectrum. In the …

Direct C–H bond functionalization to form C–N bonds via nitrenoid insertion is one of the
most effective strategies to construct N-functionalized molecules of importance. In this …

Scaffold modification based on Wang's pioneering MDM2–p53 inhibitors led to novel,
chemically stable spiro-oxindole compounds bearing a spiro [3 H-indole-3, 2′-pyrrolidin]-2 …

As a result of the toxicity of currently available anticancer drugs and the inefficiency of
chemotherapeutic treatments, the design and discovery of effective and selective antitumor …

Introduction Spirocyclic scaffolds are an exceptional tool in drug design, allowing fine-tuning
of a molecule's conformational and physicochemical properties. As it expands and …