Collaborative problem solving (ColPS) proficiency was developed as a new assessment for
the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in the 2015 international …

AutoTutor helps students learn by holding a conversation in natural language. AutoTutor is
adaptive to the learners' actions, verbal contributions, and in some systems their emotions …

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is a complex construct comprised of skills associated
with social and cognitive dimensions. The diverse set of skills within these dimensions make …

Conversational agents such as chatbots have recently gained a lot of traction in various
industries, including education, marketing, and healthcare. In K–12 and higher education …

Abstract Background The Office of Naval Research (ONR) organized a STEM Challenge
initiative to explore how intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) can be developed in a reasonable …

This article describes conversation-based assessments with computer agents that interact
with humans through chat, talking heads, or embodied animated avatars. Some of these …

Background Pedagogical agents are computerized talking heads or embodied animated
avatars that help students learn by performing actions and holding conversations with the …

Research in the area of Open Student Models (OSMs) has shown that external
representations of the student model can be used to facilitate educational processes such as …

There is an abundance of digital technologies designed to help adults improve basic
reading skills (such as word decoding, letter sound correspondence, vocabulary), but there …

Background Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is important for success in the 21st
century, especially for teamwork and communication in technology‐enhanced …