Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole (AP hereafter) and Third Pole (Tibetan Plateau,
TP hereafter) can trigger a series of climate responses and have global consequences …

The physical understanding and timely prediction of extreme weather events are of
enormous importance to society due to their associated impacts. In this article, we highlight …

Abstract The Little Ice Age (LIA), which lasted from about 1250 to 1860 AD, was likely the
coldest period of the last 8000 years. Using new documentary data and analyses of alpine …

The last 6000years are of particular interest to the understanding of the Earth System
because the boundary conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in …

Several late Quaternary studies have recorded cold and disturbed climates centred during
the mid-first millennium AD and discussed these conditions under the term 'Dark Ages Cold …

This review assesses storm studies over the North Atlantic and northwestern Europe
regarding the occurrence of potential long‐term trends. Based on a systematic review of …

This paper discusses the state of European research in historical climatology. This field of
science and an overview of its development are described in detail. Special attention is …

Abstract The twentieth century Northern Hemisphere mean surface temperature (NHT) is
characterized by a multidecadal warming‐cooling‐warming pattern followed by a flat trend …

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is arguably the most important global climate pattern.
While the effects in the Pacific–North American sector and the tropical regions are relatively …

Variability in time series of ice conditions in the Baltic Sea is examined within the context of
atmospheric circulation represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Arctic …