There is considerable research on the neurobiological mechanisms within the hippocampal
system that support spatial navigation. In this article I review the literature on navigational …

We outline a framework for evaluating scientific evidence of sentience, focusing on pain
experience. It includes eight neural and cognitive-behavioural criteria, with confidence …

Birch and colleagues have developed an important and useful framework for evaluating the
evidence for sentience–namely, the capacity to experience pain, distress and suffering, in …

Malacostracan crustaceans display a large diversity of sizes, morphs and life styles.
However, only a few representatives of decapod taxa have served as models for analyzing …

Descriptions of crustacean brains have focused mainly on three highly derived lineages of
malacostracans: the reptantian infraorders represented by spiny lobsters, lobsters, and …

Mushroom bodies are the iconic learning and memory centers of insects. No previously
described crustacean possesses a mushroom body as defined by strict morphological …

Animals' cognitive abilities can be tested by allowing them to choose between alternatives,
with only one alternative offering the correct solution to a novel problem. Hermit crabs are …

Rimicaris exoculata, the 'blind shrimp,'is the most abundant species living on active
hydrothermal edifices at deep-sea vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Its unusually enlarged …

Predator avoidance and prey capture are among the most vital of animal behaviors. They
require fast reactions controlled by comparatively straightforward neural circuits often …

According to all latest phylogenetic analyses, the taxon Pancrustacea embraces the
crustaceans in the traditional sense and the hexapods. Members of the Pancrustacea for a …