Like most solid tumours, the microenvironment of epithelial-derived gastric adenocarcinoma
(GAC) consists of a variety of stromal cell types, including fibroblasts, and neuronal …

Regulatory B (Breg) cells represent a population of suppressor B cells that participate in
immunomodulatory processes and inhibition of excessive inflammation. The regulatory …

ABSTRACT CD39 and CD73 are key enzymes in the adenosine (ADO) pathway. ADO
modulates pathophysiological responses of immune cells, including B cells. It has recently …

Regulatory B (Breg) cells are characterized by differential expression of CD5 and CD1d in
mouse and CD24 and CD38 in human immune systems. The Breg family also includes LAG …

Emergency myelopoiesis (EM) is a hematopoietic response against systemic infections that
quickly supplies innate immune cells. As lymphopoiesis is strongly suppressed during EM …

Regulatory B cells contribute to the regulation of immune responses in cancer, autoimmune
disorders, allergic conditions and inflammatory diseases. Although most studies focus on …

Transitional B cells (TrB cells) represent a crucial link between immature B cells in the bone
marrow and mature peripheral B cells. Although TrB cells represent one of the regulatory B …

The CD40–CD40L dyad is an immune checkpoint regulator that promotes both innate and
adaptive immune responses and has therefore an essential role in the development of …

An imbalance of TNF signalling in the inflammatory milieu generated by meningeal immune
cell infiltrates in the subarachnoid space in multiple sclerosis (MS), and its animal model …

B cells affect human and animal health in numerous ways. They are the precursors for the
antibody-secreting plasma cells and they also take up antigen, particularly antigen for which …