In this review paper, we report recent progress on Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase optical
elements, such as lens, grating, and deflector. PB lenses exhibit a fast switching time …

Liquid-crystal-based Pancharatnam–Berry phase optical elements (PBOEs), also known as
diffractive wave plates (DWPs), geometric phase optics (GPO), or geometric phase …

We propose a new thin and flat virtual reality (VR) display design using a Fresnel lenslet
array, a Fresnel lens, and a polarization-based optical folding technique. The proposed …

Conventional head-mounted displays present different images to each eye, and thereby
create three-dimensional (3D) sensation for viewers. This method can only control the …

A catadioptric lens structure, also known as pancake lens, has been widely used in virtual
reality (VR) displays to reduce the formfactor. However, the utilization of a half mirror (HM) to …

MicroLEDs offer an extraordinary combination of high luminance, high energy efficiency, low
cost, and long lifetime. These characteristics are highly desirable in various applications, but …

Recently, compactness of head‐mounted display (HMD) products have been strongly
required to improve comfortableness of user. The folded optics, so‐called “Pancake optics” …

Pancake lens structure offers a promising solution to compact formfactor for near‐eye
displays. However, utilizing a half mirror to triple the optical path length causes a dramatic …

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are emerging interactive technologies that
realize the “metaverse,” leading to a totally new digital interactive experience in daily life in …

Near-eye displays are widely recognized as a groundbreaking technological advancement
with the potential to significantly impact daily life. Within the realm of near-eye displays …